This goes back to the Jim Crow South I believe, where like I mentioned (white) Democrat bosses paid the poll tax/gave blacks passing marks on literacy tests/etc. so they could vote where of course they voted for the white Democrat's chosen guy (against non-connected Democrats usually). I have no idea who pioneered this (definitely not Chicago). It
might have been Memphis, Tennessee where a political boss named EH Crump employed a lot of blacks in his rule over the city, one of which was a political organizer named Lewie Ford whose descendents are the notorious
Ford Family who currently run the city and help elect people like Steve Cohen when they aren't getting arrested for corruption.
But to the point, welfare and other gibs is just the modern form of this.