Simplicity is valued over complexity in most cases.
I think that is a problem. Generally hard stem sciences do not thrive if dumbed down.
Entomology for example is too complex even for me. Generally bug stuff can get down to very tiny details.
Rigid definitions also don't work that well the closer you get to biology and farther from math.
All in all, the method is flawed if it can not map onto reality. There are limits, of course a paleontologist can not get DNA to check for smaller changes and has to use lienage specific features of fossils to guess what a tiny fragment was.
This does run into the specialisation problem that may be a hard limit on stem fields. There are scientists who exclusively focus on neutron star chemistry for example.
Perhaps we'll never be able to map Quantum and Eibsteinian phyiscs together. Our brains maybe just not evolved enough to compute it. Perhaps in the future cyborgs or ai can do it, who knows.
You failed to adress the neanderthal and other hominid issue altogether.
So we can not take species as a rigid scientific concept at all, as it doesn't work.
Therefore, there is zero reason why ethnicities can't be categorised outside of "icky chud theories would make me loose my grant-gibs". It would not be a neat 1-1 continental map to geographical areas and races, but that is a copout.
Science needs to be the field of rich autists once more.
You really don't need to test for IQ when you can see how groups perform relatively to each other just from their economic output.
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Economics is not always reliable. It has some areas where there are other factors.
Like Yugoslavs being poor due to recent war. Or Israel or China in that graph.
Even me the Autistic Thunderdome Obergruppenführer can't claim bongs are a good 30% smarter than Chosenites.
I would be curious to find out why the Mayans and such never had metallurgy. It wasn't an IQ problem, their architecture and astronomy was too complex. Were their areas metal poor, or at least where it was harder to access?